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> mogrify
> NAME

 mogrify - mogrify an image
> Contents
Synopsis
Description
Examples
Options
Image Segmentation
Environment
Configuration File
Authors
Copyright
> Synopsis

mogrify [ options ... ] file ...
 

> Description

Mogrify transforms an image or a sequence of images. These transforms include image scaling, image rotation, color reduction, and others. Each transmogrified image overwrites the corresponding original image, unless an option such as -format causes the output filename to be different from the input filename.
 
The graphics formats supported by mogrify are listed in ImageMagick(1).

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> Examples

To convert all the TIFF files in a particular directory to JPEG, use:

    mogrify -format jpeg *.tiff

To convert a directory full of JPEG images to thumbnails, use:

    mogrify -size 120x120 -resize 120x120 +profile "*" *.jpg

In this example, '-size 120x120' gives a hint to the JPEG decoder that the images are going to be downscaled to 120x120, allowing it to run faster by avoiding returning full-resolution images to ImageMagick for the subsequent resizing operation. The '-resize 120x120' specifies the desired dimensions of the output images. It will be scaled so its largest dimension is 120 pixels. The '+profile "*"' removes any ICM, EXIF, IPTC, or other profiles that might be present in the input and aren't needed in the thumbnails.

To scale an image of a cockatoo to exactly 640 pixels in width and 480 pixels in height, use:

    mogrify -resize 640x480! cockatoo.miff

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> Options

Options are processed in command line order. Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect for the set of images that follows, until the set is terminated by the appearance of any option or -noop.

For a more detailed description of each option, see Options, above. ImageMagick(1).
 


 > -affine <matrix>

 drawing transform matrix

 > -antialias

 remove pixel aliasing

 > -authenticate <string>

 decrypt image with this password

 > -background <color>

 the background color

 > -blue-primary <x>,<y>

 blue chromaticity primary point

 > -blur <radius>{x<sigma>}

 blur the image with a Gaussian operator

 > -border <width>x<height>

 surround the image with a border of color

 > -bordercolor <color>

 the border color

 > -cache <threshold>

 (This option has been replaced by the -limit option)

 > -channel <type>

 the type of channel

 > -charcoal <factor>

 simulate a charcoal drawing

 > -colorize <value>

 colorize the image with the fill color

 > -colors <value>

 preferred number of colors in the image

 > -colorspace <value>

 the type of colorspace

 > -comment <string>

 annotate an image with a comment

 > -compress <type>

 the type of image compression

 > -contrast

 enhance or reduce the image contrast

 > -convolve <kernel>

 convolve image with the specified convolution kernel

 > -crop <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-} <y>{%}

 preferred size and location of the cropped image

 > -cycle <amount>

 displace image colormap by amount

 > -debug <events>

 enable debug printout

 > -define <key>{=<value>},...

 add coder/decoder specific options

 > -delay <1/100ths of a second>

 display the next image after pausing

 > -density <width>x<height>

 horizontal and vertical resolution in pixels of the image

 > -depth <value>

 depth of the image

 > -despeckle

 reduce the speckles within an image

 > -display <host:display[.screen]>

 specifies the X server to contact

 > -dispose <method>

 GIF disposal method

 > -dither

 apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image

 > -draw <string>

 annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives

 > -edge <radius>

 detect edges within an image

 > -emboss <radius>

 emboss an image

 > -encoding <type>

 specify the text encoding

 > -endian <type>

 specify endianness (MSB or LSB) of the image

 > -enhance

 apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image

 > -equalize

 perform histogram equalization to the image

 > -evaluate <operator> <constant>

 evaluate an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression

 > -fill <color>

 color to use when filling a graphic primitive

 > -filter <type>

 use this type of filter when resizing an image

 > -flip

 create a "mirror image"

 > -flop

 create a "mirror image"

 > -font <name>

 use this font when annotating the image with text

 > -format <type>

 the image format type

 > -frame <width>x<height>+<outer bevel width>+<inner bevel width>

 surround the image with an ornamental border

 > -fuzz <distance>{%}

 colors within this distance are considered equal

 > -gamma <value>

 level of gamma correction

 > -Gaussian <radius>{x<sigma>}

 blur the image with a Gaussian operator

 > -geometry <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-} <y>{%}{@} {!}{<}{>}

 preferred size and location of the Image window.

 > -gravity <type>

 direction primitive gravitates to when annotating the image.

 > -green-primary <x>,<y>

 green chromaticity primary point

 > -help

 print usage instructions

 > -implode <factor>

 implode image pixels about the center

 > -interlace <type>

 the type of interlacing scheme

 > -label <name>

 assign a label to an image

 > -lat <width>x<height>{+-}<offset>{ %}

 perform local adaptive thresholding

 > -level <black_point>{,<gamma>}{,<white_point>}{ %}

 adjust the level of image contrast

 > -limit <type> <value>

 Area, Disk, File, Map, or Memory resource limit

 > -linewidth

 the line width for subsequent draw operations

 > -list <type>

 the type of list

 > -log <string>

 Specify format for debug log

 > -loop <iterations>

 add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation

 > -map <filename>

 choose a particular set of colors from this image

 > -mask <filename>

 Specify a clipping mask

 > -matte

 store matte channel if the image has one

 > -mattecolor <color>

 specify the color to be used with the -frame option

 > -median <radius>

 apply a median filter to the image

 > -modulate <value>

 vary the brightness, saturation, and hue of an image

 > -monochrome

 transform the image to black and white

 > -negate

 replace every pixel with its complementary color

 > -noise <radius|type>

 add or reduce noise in an image

 > -normalize

 transform image to span the full range of color values

 > -opaque <color>

 change this color to the fill color within the image

 > -page <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-} <y>{%}{!}{<}{>}

 size and location of an image canvas

 > -paint <radius>

 simulate an oil painting

 > -pen <color>

 (This option has been replaced by the -fill option)

 > -pointsize <value>

 pointsize of the PostScript, OPTION1, or TrueType font

 > -posterize <levels>

 reduce the image to a limited number of color levels

 > -profile <filename>

 add ICM, IPTC, or generic profile to image

 > -quality <value>

 JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level

 > -radial-blur angle

 radial blur the image

 > -raise <width>x<height>

 lighten or darken image edges

 > -red-primary <x>,<y>

 red chromaticity primary point

 > -region <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-} <y>

 apply options to a portion of the image

 > -render

 render vector operations

 > -resample <horizontal>x<vertical>

 Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution

 > -resize <width>x<height>{%}{@}{!}{ <}{>}

 resize an image

 > -roll {+-}<x>{+-}<y>

 roll an image vertically or horizontally

 > -rotate <degrees>{<}{>}

 apply Paeth image rotation to the image

 > -sample <geometry>

 scale image using pixel sampling

 > -sampling-factor <horizontal_factor>x<vertical_factor>

 sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.

 > -scale <geometry>

 scale the image.

 > -scene <value>

 set scene number

 > -segment <cluster threshold>x<smoothing threshold>

 segment an image

 > -shade <azimuth>x<elevation>

 shade the image using a distant light source

 > -sharpen <radius>{x<sigma>}

 sharpen the image

 > -shave <width>x<height>{%}

 shave pixels from the image edges

 > -shear <x degrees>x<y degrees>

 shear the image along the X or Y axis

 > -size <width>x<height>{+offset}

 width and height of the image

 > -solarize <factor>

 negate all pixels above the threshold level

 > -splice <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-} <y>{%}>

 splice the background color into the image

 > -spread <amount>

 displace image pixels by a random amount

 > -strip

 strip the image of any profiles or comments

 > -stroke <color>

 color to use when stroking a graphic primitive

 > -strokewidth <value>

 set the stroke width

 > -swirl <degrees>

 swirl image pixels about the center

 > -texture <filename>

 name of texture to tile onto the image background

 > -threshold <value>{<green>,<blue>,<opacity>}{ %}

 threshold the image

 > -thumbnail <width>x<height>{%}{@}{!}{ <}{>}

 create a thumbnail of the image

 > -tile <filename>

 tile image when filling a graphic primitive

 > -tint <value>

 tint the image with the fill color

 > -transform

 transform the image

 > -transparent <color>

 make this color transparent within the image

 > -treedepth <value>

 tree depth for the color reduction algorithm

 > -trim

 trim an image

 > -type <type>

 the image type

 > -units <type>

 the units of image resolution

 > -unsharp <radius>{x<sigma>}{+<amount>}{ +<threshold>}

 sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator

 > -verbose

 print detailed information about the image

 > -version

 print ImageMagick version string

 > -view <string>

 FlashPix viewing parameters

 > -virtual-pixel <method>

 specify contents of "virtual pixels"

 > -wave <amplitude>x<wavelength>

 alter an image along a sine wave

 > -white-point <x>,<y>

 chromaticity white point

For a more detailed description of each option, see Options, above. ImageMagick(1).
 

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> Image Segmentation

Use -segment to segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. The scale-space filter analyzes the histograms of the three color components of the image and identifies a set of classes. The extents of each class is used to coarsely segment the image with thresholding. The color associated with each class is determined by the mean color of all pixels within the extents of a particular class. Finally, any unclassified pixels are assigned to the closest class with the fuzzy c-means technique.

The fuzzy c-Means algorithm can be summarized as follows:

  • Build a histogram, one for each color component of the image.
  • For each histogram, successively apply the scale-space filter and build an interval tree of zero crossings in the second derivative at each scale. Analyze this scale-space "fingerprint" to determine which peaks or valleys in the histogram are most predominant.
  • The fingerprint defines intervals on the axis of the histogram. Each interval contains either a minima or a maxima in the original signal. If each color component lies within the maxima interval, that pixel is considered "classified" and is assigned an unique class number.
  • Any pixel that fails to be classified in the above thresholding pass is classified using the fuzzy c-Means technique. It is assigned to one of the classes discovered in the histogram analysis phase.

The fuzzy c-Means technique attempts to cluster a pixel by finding the local minima of the generalized within group sum of squared error objective function. A pixel is assigned to the closest class of which the fuzzy membership has a maximum value.

For additional information see:

Young Won Lim, Sang Uk Lee, ``On The Color Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on the Thresholding and the Fuzzy c-Means Techniques'', Pattern Recognition, Volume 23, Number 9, pages 935-952, 1990.

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> Environment

> COLUMNS

 Output screen width. Used when formatting text for the screen. Many Unix systems keep this shell variable up to date, but it may need to be explicitly exported in order for ImageMagick to see it.

 > DISPLAY

 X11 display ID (host, display number, and screen in the form hostname:display.screen).

 > HOME

 Location of user's home directory. ImageMagick searches for configuration files in $HOME/.magick if the directory exists. See MAGICK_CODER_MODULE_PATH, MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH, and MAGICK_FILTER_MODULE_PATH if more flexibility is needed.

 > MAGICK_CODER_MODULE_PATH

 Search path to use when searching for image format coder modules. This path allows the user to arbitrarily extend the image formats supported by ImageMagick by adding loadable modules to an arbitrary location rather than copying them into the ImageMagick installation directory. The formatting of the search path is similar to operating system search paths (i.e. colon delimited for Unix, and semi-colon delimited for Microsoft Windows). This user specified search path is used before trying the default search path.

 > MAGICK_CONFIGURE_PATH

 Search path to use when searching for configuration (.xml) files. The formatting of the search path is similar to operating system search paths (i.e. colon delimited for Unix, and semi-colon delimited for Microsoft Windows). This user specified search path is used before trying the default search path.

 > MAGICK_DEBUG

 Debug options (see -debug for details)

 > MAGICK_FILTER_MODULE_PATH

 Search path to use when searching for filter process modules (invoked via -process). This path allows the user to arbitrarily extend ImageMagick's image processing functionality by adding loadable modules to an arbitrary location rather than copying them into the ImageMagick installation directory. The formatting of the search path is similar to operating system search paths (i.e. colon delimited for Unix, and semi-colon delimited for Microsoft Windows). This user specified search path is used before trying the default search path.

 > MAGICK_FONT_PATH

 Directory where ImageMagick should look for TrueType and Postscript Type1 font files if the font file is not found in the current directory. It is preferred to define the available fonts via type.xml rather than use MAGICK_FONT_PATH.

 > MAGICK_HOME

 Path to top of ImageMagick installation directory. Only observed by "uninstalled" builds of ImageMagick which do not have their location hard-coded or set by an installer.

 > MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT

 Maximum amount of disk space allowed for use by the pixel cache.

 > MAGICK_FILES_LIMIT

 Maximum number of open files.

 > MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT

 Maximum size of a memory map.

 > MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT

 Maximum amount of memory to allocate from the heap.

 > MAGICK_TMPDIR

 Path to directory where ImageMagick should write temporary files. The default is to use the system default, or the location set by TMPDIR.

 > TMPDIR

 For POSIX-compatible systems (Unix-compatible), the path to the directory where all applications should write temporary files. Overridden by MAGICK_TMPDIR if it is set.

 > TMP or TEMP

 For Microsoft Windows, the path to the directory where applications should write temporary files. Overridden by MAGICK_TMPDIR if it is set.

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> Configuration Files

ImageMagick uses a number of XML format configuration files:


 > colors.xml

 colors configuration file
  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <colormap>
    <color name="AliceBlue" red="240" green="248" blue="255"
           compliance="SVG, X11, XPM" />
  </colormap>

> delegates.xml

 delegates configuration file

 > log.xml

 logging configuration file
  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <magicklog>
    <log events="None" />
    <log output="stdout" />
    <log filename="Magick-%d.log" />
    <log generations="3" />
    <log limit="2000" />
    <log format="%t %r %u %p %m/%f/%l/%d:\n  %e"  />
  </magicklog>

> magic.xml

 file header magic test configuration file
  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <magicmap>
    <magic name="AVI" offset="0" target="RIFF" />
  </magicmap>

> coder.xml

 loadable modules configuration file
  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <modulemap>
    <module magick="8BIM" name="META" />
  </modulemap>

> type.xml

 master type (fonts) configuration file
  <?xml version="1.0"?>
  <typemap>
    <include file="type-windows.xml" />
    <type
      name="AvantGarde-Book"
      fullname="AvantGarde Book"
      family="AvantGarde"
      foundry="URW"
      weight="400"
      style="normal"
      stretch="normal"
      format="type1"
      metrics="/usr/local/share/ghostscript/fonts/a010013l.afm"
      glyphs="/usr/local/share/ghostscript/fonts/a010013l.pfb"
    />
  </typemap>

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> Copyright

Copyright (C) 1999-2004 ImageMagick Studio LLC. Additional copyrights and licenses apply to this software, see http://www.imagemagick.org/www/Copyright.html

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