7 Korean Input Methods

Use the following input methods for entering Korean characters on Tru64 UNIX:

• Hangul
• Hanja
• Row-Column code
• Phrase

The operating system provides two input method servers for Korean language input. The dxhangulim input server provides command line access to the Hangul, Hanja, and Row-Column input methods. The dxim input server is a menu-driven input server that allows you to configure, manage, and use the Korean Hangul, Hanja, and Row-Column input methods. In addition, the operating system provides a Phrase Utility. The dxim input server also provides a Phrase input method that is separate from the operating system Phrase Utility.

This chapter describes:

• Each of the input methods listed above, as well as the dxim and dxhangulim input servers.
• How to activate, deactivate, and customize Korean input methods.
• How to switch between input methods.
• How to work with input methods and the dxim input server under the DECwindows Motif interface.

7.1 Activating the Korean Input Methods

You must activate Korean input methods for response to the requirements of applications that are internationalized for the Korean language. The steps you follow to activate Korean input methods differ for character-cell terminals, DECwindows Motif and CDE environments, and the dxim input server. The following sections describe these activation steps.

7.1.1 Korean Input Methods and Character-Cell Terminal Applications

For character-cell terminal applications, Korean input methods are implemented by means of the VT382-K Korean terminal firmware or are incorporated in the terminal emulation software, such as Hangul DECterm. Applications need not provide software to handle the input of Korean characters; the VT382-K terminal or Hangul DECterm provides the input method services.

Hangul DECterm can be regarded as a DECwindows Motif application and is activated and deactivated using the same methods as similar applications. See Section 7.1.2 for more information.

If you have a VT382-K terminal, select input mode by using the [Compose] key, which is located on the lower left side of the main keyboard. On the Korean LK201-K or LK401-K keyboard, the [Compose] key is labeled 한글. For details, see Chapter 6.

After you activate Korean input mode, the VT382-K terminal firmware or the input methods incorporated in Hangul DECterm compose Korean characters and return the input data as appropriate.

7.1.2 dxhangulim Input Server and DECwindows Motif Applications

DECwindows Motif applications implement Korean input methods using an independent process called the dxhangulim input server. The dxhangulim input server is an X client process that works on a standard X-server provided the required Korean fonts are installed. This means that the input server can run on any system which can access your X display device, including the device itself.

The dxhangulim input server provided by the Tru64 UNIX operating system is interoperable with all existing DECwindows Motif /Hangul platforms, including VMS DECwindows Motif /Hangul and UWS/Hangul. In addition, it can provide input method services to the R6 X library (Xlib) supported by Tru64 UNIX. You can write internationalized applications using the standard R6 application programming interface and communicate with this input server. For details about developing internationalized software with X11R6, see Writing Software for the International Market.

Before you can input Korean data, you must start the dxhangulim input server on your workstation or any system that your workstation can access through the network.

English and Korean user interfaces are provided, so be sure to set the correct session language before starting the input server. There are several ways to start the dxhangulim Korean input server:

• Using the Session Manager

• Starting the input server automatically

• Using commands

After you invoke the dxhangulim input server, the DECwindows Motif applications that were internationalized to support Korean can communicate with the server for input method services.

Note

Applications that are started before dxhangulim cannot connect to the input server. Therefore, Hangul IM should be the first item on the Automatic Startup list. However, if the application contains an XmText or XmTextField widget with the reconnectable resource set to True, the application is able to establish a connection with the input server if the application starts before the input server or when the application is running and the input server stops and restarts. For more information, see XmText(3X) and XmTextField(3X).

7.1.3 dxhangulim Input Server and CDE Applications

There are two ways to start the dxhangulim input server in CDE:

• Starting the input server automatically

• Using commands

After you invoke the dxhangulim input server, the CDE applications that were internationalized to support Korean can communicate with the server for input method services.

Note

Applications that are started before dxhangulim cannot connect to the input server. Therefore, Hangul IM should be the first item on the Automatic Startup list. However, if the application contains an XmText or XmTextField widget with the reconnectable resource set to True, the application is able to establish a connection with the input server if the application starts before the input server or when the application is running and the input server stops and restarts. For more information, see XmText(3X) and XmTextField(3X).

7.1.4   Setting Default Input Method with the i18nconfig Utility

The Configure International Software utility (i18nconfig) is an option on the SysMan menu that you can use to select a default input method for locales, such as Korean, that support multiple input methods. To set a default input method with i18nconfig, you must be logged in as superuser and use the following steps:

• Start the SysMan menu from the CDE front panel or from the command line.
• From the SysMan menu, select Software. From the list of tasks under Software, select Configure International Software. From the list of tasks under Configure International Software, select Managing Locales.
• If you select a locale from the Locales Supported On... display that supports multiple input methods, the Select Input Method button is active. Click on the Select Input Method button to display a list of input methods appropriate for the selected locale.
• Double click on an input method to assign it as the system-wide default for the selected locale.

To have the change take effect, log off the system then log back in.

7.1.5 DXIM Input Server

Use the dxim input server to activate a Korean input method, which converts alphabetic keyboard entry to the appropriate Korean characters and sends them to an X client application.

As with the dxhangulim input server, the dxim input server is an X client process that runs on a standard X server. The dxim input server can run on any system that can access your X display device.

To run successfully, the dxim input server requires that you perform the following prerequisite steps:

• Install WLS (Worldwide Language Support) options on the system.

• Install Korean fonts on the system. The fonts should be those associated with the Korean input methods you intend to use.

• Set the current locale set to Korean.

• Stop any other input server process running on the system. Keep in mind that if you use the CDE login language option to set the locale, an associated input server process starts. You must stop this process before starting dxim.

• Set the preediting style, or interaction style, to either Off-the-Spot or Root as described in Section 7.3.2.

Start the dxim input server as a background process with the following command:

% /usr/bin/X11/dxim &

If you want to start dxim from a remote system, log on to the remote system and enter the following command:

% setenv DISPLAY :0
% /usr/bin/X11/dxim &

In the field, enter the display name for your workstation. Section 7.1.5.1 describes how to use the dxim menu interface to select and activate Korean input methods and establish a default input method for Korean applications.

After you activate a Korean input method, applications that have been internationalized to support that input method can communicate with the server to obtain input method services. You must start these applications after the input server starts.

Note

Applications that are started before dxim cannot connect to the input server. However, if the application contains an XmText or XmTextField widget with the reconnectable resource set to True, the application is able to establish a connection with the input server if the application starts before the input server or when the application is running and the input server stops and restarts. For more information, see XmText(3X) and XmTextField(3X).

7.1.5.1 Using DXIM to Select and Activate Input Methods

The dxim input server is a multilingual input server because it gives you the means to use and manage input methods for traditional and simplified Chinese, as well as Korean. This manual focuses on dxim and the Korean input methods. For additional information on the input server, see the dxim online help.

The dxim input server menu is a single menu system divided into two functional parts; Customizing Input Method Classes and Methods and Customizing Input Method Window. The Customizing Input Method Classes and Methods menus are described in Section 7.5.1.1 and allow you to do the following:

• Select a class of input methods that is appropriate to the locale of the client application. For an application internationalized for the Korean language, you select and activate the Korean or Phrase classes, or both.

• Select and activate one or more input methods within a class. Under the Korean input method class there is only one input method, Hangul, which supports three modes: Hangul, Hanja, and Row-Column. The Phrase input method class also has only one input method.

• Establish an input method class as the default.

• Establish an input method as the default for its class.

• Customize error bell volume and set the input method invocation key.

The Customizing Input Method Window menus are described in Section 7.5.1.2 and allow you to do the following:

• Increase or decrease the root input window font size.

• Set the root input window foreground and background color.

• Set the root input window line spacing.

The dxim input server can support multiple clients working under different locales. When a client application connects to dxim, the input server determines the client's locale and, if compatible, uses the default input method. If the client locale is not compatible with the default, dxim searches for an active input method that is compatible. The input server uses the first compatible input method it finds.

For example, when a ko_KR.eucKR client connects to dxim, the input server checks the application's locale and determines that the Korean input method is available for use with the application. You then enter the invocation key for the Korean input method and any keyboard input, which dxim converts and transmits to the application. If you later connect a zh_CH.dechanzi client to dxim, the input server checks the application's locale and determines that the Korean input method is not appropriate. It then checks to make sure that either the simplified or traditional Chinese input method is available for use with the application. You then enter the invocation key for the Chinese input method and any keyboard input, which dxim converts and transmits to the application. If you attempt to enter the invocation key for Korean, which is inappropriate for this application, dxim ignores it.

Systemwide default definitions for the dxim input server are stored in the resource file, /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/DXim, and in the configuration file, /usr/i18n/share/dxim/im_modules.conf. As superuser, the system administrator can modify these files to make systemwide changes. For example, the seek order that dxim uses in its search for an input method compatible with a client's locale is defined in /usr/i18n/share/dxim/im_modules.conf and can be modified by the system administrator.

Depending on the locale, the dxim input server does not restrict an application to a single input method. For example, an application under the ko_KR.eucKR locale is restricted to the Korean input method. However, an application under a Unicode locale, such as ko_KR.UTF-8 can be supported by all of the Korean and Chinese input methods.

7.2 Switching Input Method

By default, a client application starts in English language input mode and, depending on which input server is active on your system (dxhangulim or dxim), you use different key combinations to switch from English language input mode to Korean or Phrase input mode.

If the Korean Input Server, dxhangulim, is active on your system, select the Korean input mode using the key sequences shown in Table 7-1.

Table 7-1: Key Sequences for Invoking the Korean Input Method

If the dxim input server is active on your system, use the [Ctrl/Space] key sequence to shift from English language input to non-English language input. When you use [Ctrl/Space] to shift to non-English mode, keyboard character input is transmitted to dxim, which converts the input using a selected input method and transmits the converted input to the client application.

To select the Korean input method and Hangul input method mode, use the [F3][F5] key sequences. Once in Hangul input method mode, use [F6] to switch to Hanja input method mode or [F7] to switch to Row-Column input method mode. To switch back to Hangul, use [F5].

To select the Phrase input method, use the [F12] key.

Note

These key sequences can be customized through the dxhangulim Options menu or the dxim Customize Input Method menu.

7.3 DECwindows Motif Interface

You can interact with the Korean input server (dxim or dxhangulim) through a Motif-style user interface that allows an input method to provide feedback about the data being edited. This feedback helps you compose a character, list choices for selection, provide options for customizing the input server, and so on.

7.3.1 Input Areas

The X Input Method specification defines the three input areas described in Table 7-2.

Table 7-2: Window Input Areas

7.3.2 Interaction Styles

The use of the input areas depends on the interaction style (or preedit style) selected for the application. The dxim and dxhangulim input methods servers enable you to type multiple keystrokes to compose Asian characters. The process of composing characters from keystrokes is called preediting and the type of preediting used is called the interaction style.

The dxhangulim Korean input server supports four interaction styles:

• Root window
• Off-the-Spot
• On-the-Spot
• Over-the-Spot

The dxim input server supports two interaction styes; Off-the-Spot and Root window.

You can use the VendorShell resource XmNpreeditType to specify the priority of the interaction styles for DECwindows Motif applications. By default, the resource value priority order is set to "overthespot,offthespot,root,onthespot". The first style in the list is used in an input method. If that interaction style is not available, the second style in the list is use, and so on.

To set a preferred interaction style, you can do one of the following:

• Use the command line option -xrm to specify the resource value when you start an application. For example, the following command starts Cardfiler with the Root window interaction style:

  % dxcardfiler -xrm '*preeditType: root' &

• Use the Session Manager's Options menu in XDM.

  From the Session Manager's Options menu, select Input Method...

  In the popup Input Style Options window, click on one of the preedit styles

  The XmNpreeditType resource is set to a priority list beginning with the preedit style that you have chosen.

• Use the dtimsstart utility.

  From the command line, enter the following command:

  % /usr/dt/bin/dtimsstart

  From the dtimsstart dialog box, click on an interaction style.

  Click on the Default Input Method radio button.

  Click on OK. The preferences you set remain in effect until you change them.

After you choose your preferred interaction style, the applications you invoke start up with the new setting.

Keep in mind that the dxim input server supports only Root window and Off-the-Spot interaction styles. If you use an unsupported interaction style, client applications will be unable to connect to the dxim input server.

Note

Some applications, such as DECterm, may provide their own user interface to handle interaction styles. Those mechanisms may override the methods described here.

7.3.2.1 Root Window

Both the dxhangulim and dxim input servers support Root window interaction style.

If you want to display the preedit data in a separate input window which lies outside the application window, choose the Root window interaction style. The input window is scalable and movable; you can modify its size and position to meet your preferences. If you want to free up more screen space, you can iconize the input method window. You can also choose to display preedited data in vertical or horizontal layout. Figure 7-1 shows an example of Root window interaction style.

Figure 7-1: Root Window Interaction Style

If you are an experienced user, you may not need to perform input by looking at the preedit area. In this case, you can iconize the input window to improve performance. See Figure 7-2.

Figure 7-2: Icon of Korean Input Window

When the input window is iconized, you can continue to input Korean characters through a Korean application window. To let you know the input status, the input state is displayed on the icon title which is updated according to the input mode and the input focus. If you want to see the preedit data, you can double click on the icon to display the input window.

7.3.2.2 Off-the-Spot

Both the dxhangulim and dxim input servers support Off-the-Spot interaction style.

If you want to display the preedit data in a fixed location of the application window, you can choose the Off-the-Spot interaction style. When you choose this interaction style, the Korean input server creates the input window at the bottom of the application window. You no longer need to refer to the Root window; you can iconize it to save screen area. Figure 7-3 shows an example of Off-the-Spot interaction style.

Figure 7-3: Off-the-Spot Interaction Style

7.3.2.3 On-the-Spot

Only the dxhangulim input server supports On-the-Spot interaction style.

If you want to focus your attention at the point of insertion during Korean data input, you can choose the On-the-Spot interaction style. In this style, the Korean input server directs your applications to display the preedit data in a way which is consistent with the appearance of the existing data in the input field. For instance, an application can select the font size and typeface to display the preedit data and control how the data is highlighted. You can also format existing data to allow the preedit data to be displayed at the insertion point. Figure 7-4 shows an example of On-the-Spot interaction style.

Figure 7-4: On-The-Spot Interaction Style

7.3.2.4 Over-the-Spot

Only the dxhangulim input server supports Off-the-Spot interaction style.

The Over-the-Spot interaction style allows you to perform Korean data input at the point of insertion. In this style, an input window is created when you invoke the Korean input mode; the window is placed over the current point of insertion. The preedit data entered is displayed in this window. The look and feel is similar to that of the On-the-Spot style, except that applications do not control the display attributes of the preedit data and no formatting is performed to accommodate the preedit. Therefore, there is less communication overhead between the Korean input server and the applications. The performance of data entry through the Over-the-Spot interaction style is better. Figure 7-5 shows an example of Over-the-Spot interaction style.

Figure 7-5: Over-the-Spot Interaction Style

7.4 Operations of the Korean Input Server

When you start the Korean input server (dxim or dxhangulim), no application is connected to it and the string "No Connection" is displayed in the title bar to indicate the state.

If an application is internationalized, started in a Korean locale, and brought to the foreground, the string 영문 is displayed in the status area to indicate that the application is connected to the Korean input server and the input mode is English. If you invoke a Korean input method, the input state displayed in the status area and the title bar is updated accordingly. If you bring a noninternationalized application window to the foreground, the title of the input window changes to "No Connection" again. (In some environments, bringing an application to the foreground is known as bringing it into focus.)

The input server can maintain individual states of composing for different input contexts or application windows. In addition, under the dxhangulim input server running in the Root window interaction style, each application window can be associated with its own attributes, such as font size, font style, line spacing and foreground/background colors.

You can bring the internationalized application window to the foreground and compose a Korean character or customize the input window in the way that you prefer. The input server can memorize the composing state and input your window attributes. If this application window is put in the background and then, later, brought to the foreground, the input server restores the original composing state and attributes.

7.5 Customizing the Korean Input Server

The dxim and dxhangulim Korean input servers have different levels and different methods of customization.

Under the dxim input server, the input window provides an options menu containing the following selections:

• Customize Class that displays a menu interface you use to customize the input methods

• Customize Window that displays a menu interface you use to customize the dxim input server window

• Help that displays online help for the dxim input server

• Exit

Under the dxhangulim input server, the auxiliary area of the input window provides an options menu where you can customize the input server. You click on the Options button to view the customization pulldown menu.

The following sections describe the dxim and dxhangulim customization menues. Keep in mind that each of these input servers has an extensive online help system that can provide you with details and examples of each option.

7.5.1 Customizing the dxim Input Server

If you select Customize Class from the dxim options menu, it displays the dxim Input Method Class and Module Customization menu. This series of menus enables you to customize the following attributes:

• Activate or deactivate one or more of the available input servers. The input servers you can activate include dxim and Phrase, which are discussed in this manual, and the traditional and simplified Chinese input servers discussed in the Tru64 UNIX Technical Reference for Using Chinese Features.

• For each active input server, activate or deactivate one or more input methods. For the Korean input server, there is only one selectable input method, Hangul. However, from this input method, you can also run the Hanja and Row-Column input methods. For the Phrase input server, the phrase input method is the only selectable input method. The traditional and simplified Chinese input server methods are described in the Tru64 UNIX Technical Reference for Using Chinese Features.

• For each active input server and input server method, you can establish a default input server for the system. You can also establish a default input server method that becomes active when its associated input server starts.

• For each active input server and input server method, you can redefine the default invocation key.

If you select Customize Window from the dxim options menu, it displays the dxim Input Method Window Customization menu. This series of menues enables you to customize the following attributes:

• Set font size for root preedit data.

• Set the foreground and background color.

• Set the line spacing for the preedit text lines.

If you log in as superuser to use the dxim input server customization menus, the changes you make are written to /.dxim/DXim and apply to root. If you log in as a non-root user, the changes you make are written to ~user/.dxim/DXim and apply to that user ID.

The following sections provide an overview of these menus. For a complete description of the menu options, see the dxim online help system.

7.5.1.1 Input Method Class and Module Customization

The Input Method Class and Module Customization menus enable you to activate, deactivate, and customize the Korean and Phrase input method classes and the Hangul input method module. Keep in mind that you must use either the OK or Apply button in conjunction with the Save Current Settings pull-down menu option to save a customized setting for use by the dxim input server.

The Customize Class menu is the primary input method customization menu. The following table briefly describes each of the Customize Class menu options. For a full description of the menu options, see the dxim input server online help.

Menu Field	Description
Active Class	Displays the input method classes that are currently active on the system. Select one or more of these classes to customize or delete.
Invocation Key	Displays the key sequence used to invoke the selected input method class. Use the checkboxes under the display to change the invocation key.
Bell Volume Slider	A bell rings when an error is made during character composition. Drag the slider to adjust the volume of the bell.
Options pull-down menu	Select Get System Default to reset the Customize Class menu. Select Save Current Settings to save values for use by the dxim input server.
Add	Opens a dialog box that allows you to select and activate a currently inactive input method class.
Delete	Deactivates a selected input method class. The class and its methods are made inactive and not available to applications.
Customize	Opens a dialog box that allows you to activate, deactivate, and customize the input method modules associated with a selected input method class. The Customize Input Method dialog box selections are similar to the Customize Class menu selections described in this table.
Set Default	Establishes the selected input method class as the default.
OK	Saves the customizations to become effective the next time you start dxim. Closes the menu.
Apply	Same as OK, except that the menu does not close.
Cancel	Closes the menu without making any changes.
Help	Displays help on this menu.

7.5.1.2 Input Method Window Customization

The Input Method Window Customization menus enable you to modify the dxim input window characteristics. Keep in mind that you must use either the OK or Apply button in conjunction with the Save Settings as Defaults pull-down menu option to save a customized setting for use by the dxim input server.

The Customize Window menu is the primary input window customization menu. The following table briefly describes each of the Customize Window menu options. For a full description of the menu options, see the dxim input server online help.

Menu Field	Description
Big Font/Small Font	Select the font size for displaying preedit data in the dxim input window.
Foreground Color/Background Color	Select either foreground or background. A color mixing dialog box opens that enables you to customize the foreground or background colors of the input window.
Line Spacing Slider	Drag the slider to specify the line spacing, in pixels, between the preedit data text lines.
Options pull-down menu	Select Restore System Defaults to reset the Customize Window menu. Select Save Settings as Defaults to save values for use by the dxim input server.
OK	Saves the customizations to become effective the next time you start dxim. Closes the menu.
Apply	Same as OK, except that the menu does not close.
Cancel	Closes the menu without making any changes.
Help	Displays help on this menu.

7.5.2 Customizing the dxhangulim Input Server

The dxhangulim input server options menu enables you to customize the following attributes:

• Vertical Layout （수직 레이아웃）
• Horizontal Layout （수평 레이아웃）
• Select Phrase Input Class （구문 입력 등급 선
• User Phrase Database （사용자 구문 데이터베이스）
• System Phrase Database （시스템 구문 데이터베이스）
• Current Window （현재 창）
• Input Method Customization （입력 방법 설정）
• Help （도움말）
• Quit （중지）

The following sections describe each of these dxhangulim menu options.

7.5.2.1 Vertical Layout

You can choose the vertical layouot option （수직 레이아웃） only if the current layout is horizontal. When you choose this option, the input window and the layout of its contexts display in a vertical manner. The vertical input window remains at the same origin.

7.5.2.2 Horizontal Layout

You can choose the horizontal layout option （수평 레이아웃） only if the current layout is vertical. When you choose this option, the input window and the layout of its context display in a horizontal manner. The horizontal input window remains at the same origin.

7.5.2.3 Select Phrase Input Class

The select phrase input class option （구문 입력 등급 선 택） is provided for customizing the phrase input mode. DECwindows Motif shares the same phrase databases created and managed by the Tru64 UNIX operating system Phrase Utility. Once you have created a phrase database and defined your phrase definitions, both character-cell terminal applications and DECwindows Motif applications can use the data for phrase input. To use the phrase databases, the LANG environment variable must be set to reflect the required codeset, that is, ko_KR.deckorean. For details about the Phrase Utility and phrase definition file, see the Tru64 UNIX Using International Software manual.

The Select Phrase Input Class option allows you to focus on a particular class of phrases during phrase input. When you choose this option, a dialog box pops up and you can choose the phrase class that you want to use.

If you want to choose all classes, enter the "*" option. If you do this, the phrase input method searches all classes of phrase definitions for the phrase code that you have entered. When there are multiple phrases that match the phrase definition, a list box pops up. You can choose the right phrase definition by double clicking on the item in the list box.

Note

The dxim input server uses a different Phrase input method and phrase database than the operating system Phrase Utility and phrase database described in this section. See Section 7.9.1 for a description of the dxim Phrase Utility.

7.5.2.4 User Phrase Database

The dxhangulim Phrase input method allows you to access two phrase definition databases: the system phrase database and the user phrase database. You create and maintain your own private phrase database for storing your frequently used phrases. This is called the user phrase database.

For details about creating phrase database, see the Tru64 UNIX Using International Software manual.

If you choose the user phrase database option （사용자 구문 데이터베 이스）, your private user phrase database is used.

7.5.2.5 System Phrase Database

The system phrase database is for public access by all users using your system. It should be created and modified by your system administrator. If you choose the system phrase database option （시스템 구문 데이터 베이스）, the system phrase database is used.

Note

The databases that you can access are the ones available on the system on which you start the dxhangulim input server.

7.5.2.6 Current Window

You can associate an application window with a set of input window attributes. The current window option （현재 창） allows you to customize the attributes of a specific application window.

Note

This option is available only if you have selected Root window as your interaction style and an internationalized application input area is in the foreground (that is, in focus). Otherwise, this option dims out. If you choose to use the Off-the-Spot, Over-the-Spot, or On-the-Spot interaction style, the application determines these attributes.

• Font Size - This option allows you to choose the font size used to display preedit data. You may choose to use either big font or small font by clicking on one of the following toggle buttons:

  큰 폰트 (Big Font)

  작은 폰트 (Small Font)

  Choosing Big Font results in a bigger input window, which occupies more screen space.

• Font Typeface - This option allows you to choose the font typeface to be used in the input window. Three typeface options are provided: Gotic, Myungcho or Screen. To choose the font typeface, click on one of the following toggle buttons:

  고딕 (Gotic)

  명조 (MyungCho)

  화면 (Screen)

  If you want to choose a typeface that is not on the options list, you can define it in the Korean input server resource file. This option will be shown beside the 기타 (Other):, label in the customization window.

• Line Spacing - The Korean input server can display preedit data on multiple text lines. This may happen when a list of candidates is displayed for your selection. The Line Spacing option lets you adjust the spacing between these text lines. To adjust the line spacing, drag the Line Spacing slider (labeled as 행 띄기) or move the pointer to the desired position on the slider and click MB1.

• Foreground and Background Colors - This option allows you to customize the foreground and background colors of the input window. For monochrome display, the following options are provided:

  흰바탕에 검은색 (Dark Text, Light Background)

  검은바탕에 흰색 (Light Text, Dark Background)

  For color display, you can choose from a palette of colors to design a visually pleasing input window. To customize the foreground or background color, you should first select the color that you want to change by clicking one of the following toggle buttons:

  전경색 색상 (Input Window Foreground Color)

  배경색 색상 (Input Window Background Color)

  A color mixing window pops up on top of the customization window. You can then mix the color using the three sliders which represent the intensities of the primary colors. The modified color is displayed on the right-half of the color box while the left-half shows you the original color.

7.5.2.7 Input Method Customization

There are several customizable attributes that you can globally apply to all input windows with input method customization （입력 방법 설 정）. In the dxhangulim input server, they are:

• Bell Volume

  When you make an error during the composition of Korean characters, the bell rings to alert you. You can adjust the bell volume by dragging the Bell Volume slider (labeled as 벨 음량) or by moving the pointer to a desired position on the slider and clicking MB1.

• Invocation Key Sequences

  By default, the key sequences for invoking Korean input methods are predefined. You can change these default key sequences to meet your preference or working style. This option allows you to customize the following key sequences:

  Start Hangul Input Method （한글 입력 시작）

  End Hangul Input Method （한글 입력 종료）

  Start Hanja Conversion （한자 변환 시작）

  Start Row-column Conversion （행렬 변환 시 작）

  Start Phrase Input （구문 입력 시작）

  End Phrase Input （구문 입력 종료）

The bottom part of the dialog box provides an interface that you can use to customize a key sequence. It allows you to select a trigger key and to toggle the on/off state of the Ctrl, Alt and Shift modifiers. The trigger keys that you can choose include NoSymbol, [F1] - [F20], [Space], [Return], [Compose] and [A] through [Z]. If you choose NoSymbol, no invocation sequence is provided for the selected action.

For each modifier key, you can select the on/off state with the toggle buttons identified in Table 7-3.

Table 7-3: Modifier State Customization

The tilde (~) sign means that you should not press that modifier key when invoking the action. In addition to the on/off state, you can deselect both of the states for a modifier key, that is, neither state is selected. To do this, click the toggle button that is currently set on. If you deselected a modifier, the invocation key with or without holding the modifier key can be accepted by the input server.

When one of the invocation key sequences is selected, for example the 한글 입력 종료 (End Input Method) key sequence, the state of the toggle switches and the trigger key displayed at the bottom of the dialog box is updated to reflect the current value. The label at the bottom left-hand side of the window is changed to 한글 입력 종료. Figure 7-6 shows an example of customized invocation key sequences.

Figure 7-6: Customization of Invocation Key Sequences

If you want to change the End Input Method key sequence to [Ctrl/Space], select the Ctrl, ~Alt, and ~Shift buttons.

7.5.2.8 Help

The help option （도움말） provides online information about the Korean input server.

7.5.2.9 Quit

You can use the quit option （중지） to terminate the input server. If you choose this option, a dialog box pops up to confirm that you really want to exit.

7.5.2.10 Saving Your New Settings

All attributes which can be customized with 현재 창 (Current Window) and 입력 방법 설정 (Input Method Customization) can be saved into a resource file. You can choose to save the current settings into a private resource file in your login directory. To reset or save the current settings, you can choose the options shown in Table 7-4 inside each customization window.

Table 7-4: Saving Customized Attributes

7.6 Hangul Input Method

Hangul characters are the most commonly used characters in Korea today. Each Hangul character represents one syllable. It is made up of a number of phonetic symbols called "Jamo". Altogether, there are 22 Jamos for composing Hangul characters and they can be entered through the keys on the main keyboard, as illustrated in Chapter 6.

The input sequence of Jamos should follow that of the pronounced syllables. The first Jamo input should always be a consonant. To enter a Hangul character, invoke the Hangul input method by pressing the respective key sequence and then enter the phonemes of the desired Hangul character.

For example, the string 한글 can be input using the Hangul method as follows:

To enter these characters, invoke the Hangul input method and then press [G] to enter the element ㅎfor 한.

$ ㅎ

한 글

When you press [K] to enter the element ㅏ, the element is composed with ㅎ to form 하.

$ 하

한 글

When you press [S] to enter the element ㄴ, the element is composed with 하 to form 한.

$ 한

한 글

To enter 글, press the elements [R], [M], [F].

$ 한글

한 글

7.7 Hanja Input Method

The word "Hanja" is equivalent to "Chinese Character". To enter Hanja, you should first enter the corresponding Hangul characters which represent their pronunciation and then convert them to Hanja.

To enter a Hanja, invoke the Hangul input method and enter the Hangul character that represents its pronunciation. Before sending the character to the application, press the respective key sequence to invoke the Hanja input method. A list of Hanja corresponding to the pronunciation is displayed in the preedit area for selection. To select the desired character, press the numeric key associated with the character on the main keyboard.

For example, the string 韓國 can be input using the Hanja input method as follows:

To enter the Hanja 韓, invoke the Hangul input method and enter the corresponding Hangul 한 by pressing [G], [K], [S].

$ 한

한 글

Then, invoke the Hanja mode:

$ 한

번호 선택 1.寒 2.恨 3.悍 4.旱 5.汗 6.漢 7.澣 8.瀚 9.罕 →

The right arrow sign (→) indicates that more candidates are available for selection. To view the candidates on the next row, press [Space] or the right arrow key.

$ 한

번호 선택 1.翰 2.閑 3.閒 4.限 5.韓

To move backward, press [Shift/Space] or the left arrow key (¬).

To select the character you want, press the numeric key associated with the character. In this example, while displaying the second group of candidates, press [5].

$ 韓

한 글

Similarly, you can press [R], [N], [R] to compose 국 and then invoke the Hanja input method to convert 국 to 國.

After you complete the input of a character, the Hanja input mode exits and returns to the original input mode.

7.8 Row-Column Input Method

As described in Chapter 1, each character in the KSC5601-1992 character set is assigned a position in the character plane and can be uniquely identified by this position. You can enter Korean characters by specifying the row number and the column number of the desired character.

When the row-column mode is invoked, the following message is displayed on the preedit area.

행렬코드 입력 : _

When you enter the row-column code, the input data is echoed in the preedit area. Only the numeric keys are valid for the row-column input method.

행렬코드 입력 : 0264_

The data can be in the following formats where XX is the row number and YY is the column number:

The Korean character is sent to the application after you enter a valid four-digit or five-digit code and press [Return] or [Enter].

For example, the row-column code of 한 is 3949. To enter this character using the row-column input method, invoke the input method, then press [3] [9] [4] [9] and [Return].

$

핸련 코드 입력:

Alternatively, if you enter a two-digit row number and then press [Enter] or [Return], a list of characters assigned to that row is displayed. You can choose the character that you want from the list of candidates.

7.9 Phrase Input Method

The Phrase input method enables you to define a database of frequently used phrases and store that database in a user or systemwide directory. Each frequently used phrase is identified by a phrase code. To input a phrase, enter its phrase code. The Phrase input method converts the code to the respective phrase.

There are two Phrase input methods available on the Tru64 UNIX operating system; the dxim Phrase input method and the dxhangulim Phrase input method.

The dxim and dxhangulim Phrase input methods use different databases and different user interfaces, as described in the following sections.

7.9.1 dxim Phrase Input Method

The dxim Phrase input method allows you to define a database of frequently used phrases and store that database in a user or systemwide directory.

You associate each of the phrases in the phrase database with a unique phrase code. The phrase code can be any alphabetic label. The associated phrase can be any string of characters that is appropriate to the application’s locale. You create the phrase database as a simple text file containing phrase codes and phrases and store it in a user directory or a system directory on a path that is locale dependent.

For example, if you create a phrase database file for use with applications running in the ko_KO.UTF-8 locale, you copy the file to one of the following directories:

• For a systemwide database file that will be used with Korean applications using the Unicode codeset, copy the phrase database to /usr/i18n/share/dxim/ko_KR.UTF-8/phrase_data.txt.

• For a personal database file that will be used with Korean applications using the Unicode codeset, copy the phrase database to $HOME/.dxim/ko_KR.UTF-8/phrase_data.txt.

Use the following rules when populating the phrase database:

• Use a text editor to create and populate the Phrase input method database files.

• Enter the phrase code and its associated phrase on the same line. Separate the code and phrase with spaces. However, the phrase code itself cannot contain spaces. The associated phrase can contain spaces, but not in the first or last character position.

• A phrase code consists of alphabetic characters and underscores. The associated phrase can contain any character that is legal in the target locale.

To invoke the Phrase input method, you must use dxim to activate the input method and use the default key sequence (or an invocation key sequence that you have defined). For example, if the Phrase input method is active and the client application locale supports it, press the default invocation key, [F12], or a redefined invocation key to invoke the Phrase input method.

When you use the Phrase input method and enter a phrase code as input to the application, dxim searches your personal database file, if it exists, and the systemwide database file along the locale-dependent path. If dxim finds the same phrase in both databases, it uses the definition in your personal database.

When you enter a phrase code, it appears in the preedit area. To correct erroneous input, use the [Delete] key and re-enter the code. Press the [Return] key to signal the end of phrase code input.

If you enter an incorrect code, the error bell rings. The message, Requested phrase does not exist, may also display. To correct the problem, make sure that the phrase is in the database file and that the file path and application locale are consistent.

For additional information on the dxim Phrase input method, see the online help for dxim.

7.9.2 dxhangulim Phrase Input Method

The Tru64 UNIX operating system provides a Phrase Utility that you use to create phrase databases. The Korean input server can directly access the phrase databases. In addition, you can choose the phrase database being used.

When you invoke the Phrase input method, the string "PHRASE:" is displayed in the status area. Then you can enter the phrase by specifying the phrase code, for example:

$
PHRASE:KOREA

If the phrase code has corresponding data in the phrase definition database, the data is sent to the application as shown below:

$ 韓國

PHRASE:

To correct the phrase code while preediting, press the [Delete] key and re-enter the correct code.

The phrase code can consist of at most 8 English alphanumeric characters. The first character must be an English alphabet character. The remainder can be alphanumeric. If it has less than 8 characters, press [Return] or [Space] to signal the end of input. If it has exactly 8 characters, the respective phrase is automatically sent. You do not have to press [Return] after entering the last character.

For more information on creating phrase databases, see the Tru64 UNIX Using International Software manual and phrase(1).