s_client
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Synopsis
openssl s_client [-connect host:port>] [-verify depth] [-cert filename] [-key filename] [-CApath directory] [-CAfile filename] [-reconnect] [-pause] [-showcerts] [-debug] [-msg] [-nbio_test] [-state] [-nbio] [-crlf] [-ign_eof] [-quiet] [-ssl2] [-ssl3] [-tls1] [-no_ssl2] [-no_ssl3] [-no_tls1] [-bugs] [-cipher cipherlist] [-starttls protocol] [-engine id] [-rand file(s)]DESCRIPTION
The s_client command implements a generic SSL/TLS client which connects to a remote host using SSL/TLS. It is a very useful diagnostic tool for SSL servers.
OPTIONS
-connect host:port
This specifies the host and optional port to connect to. If not specified then an attempt is made to connect to the local host on port 4433.
-cert certname
The certificate to use, if one is requested by the server. The default is not to use a certificate.
-key keyfile
The private key to use. If not specified then the certificate file will be used.
-verify depth
The verify depth to use. This specifies the maximum length of the server certificate chain and turns on server certificate verification. Currently the verify operation continues after errors so all the problems with a certificate chain can be seen. As a side effect the connection will never fail due to a server certificate verify failure.
-CApath directory
The directory to use for server certificate verification. This directory must be in "hash format", see verify for more information. These are also used when building the client certificate chain.
-CAfile file
A file containing trusted certificates to use during server authentication and to use when attempting to build the client certificate chain.
-reconnect
reconnects to the same server 5 times using the same session ID, this can be used as a test that session caching is working.
-pause
pauses 1 second between each read and write call.
-showcerts
display the whole server certificate chain: normally only the server certificate itself is displayed.
-prexit
print session information when the program exits. This will always attempt to print out information even if the connection fails. Normally information will only be printed out once if the connection succeeds. This option is useful because the cipher in use may be renegotiated or the connection may fail because a client certificate is required or is requested only after an attempt is made to access a certain URL. Note: the output produced by this option is not always accurate because a connection might never have been established.
-state
prints out the SSL session states.
-debug
print extensive debugging information including a hex dump of all traffic.
-msg
show all protocol messages with hex dump.
-nbio_test
tests non-blocking I/O
-nbio
turns on non-blocking I/O
-crlf
this option translated a line feed from the terminal into CR+LF as required by some servers.
-ign_eof
inhibit shutting down the connection when end of file is reached in the input.
-quiet
inhibit printing of session and certificate information. This implicitly turns on -ign_eof as well.
-ssl2, -ssl3, -tls1, -no_ssl2, -no_ssl3, -no_tlsl
these options disable the use of certain SSL or TLS protocols. By default the initial handshake uses a method which should be compatible with all servers and permit them to use SSL v3, SSL v2 or TLS as appropriate.
Unfortunately there are a lot of ancient and broken servers in use which cannot handle this technique and will fail to connect. Some servers only work if TLS is turned off with the -no_tls option others will only support SSL v2 and may need the -ssl2 option.
-bugs
there are several known bug in SSL and TLS implementations. Adding this option enables various workarounds.
-cipher cipherlist
this allows the cipher list sent by the client to be modified. Although the server determines which cipher suite is used it should take the first supported cipher in the list sent by the client. See the ciphers command for more information.
-starttls protocol
send the protocol-specific message(s) to switch to TLS for communication. protocol is a keyword for the intended protocol. Currently, the only supported keywords are "smtp" and "pop3".
-engine id
specifying an engine (by it's unique id string) will cause s_client to attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine, thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the default for all available algorithms.
-rand file(s)
a file or files containing random data used to seed the random number generator, or an EGD socket (see RAND_egd(3)). Multiple files can be specified separated by a OS-dependent character. The separator is ; for MS-Windows, , for OpenVMS, and : for all others.
CONNECTED COMMANDS
If a connection is established with an SSL server then any data received from the server is displayed and any key presses will be sent to the server. When used interactively (which means neither -quiet nor -ign_eof have been given), the session will be renegotiated if the line begins with an R, and if the line begins with a Q or if end of file is reached, the connection will be closed down.
NOTES
s_client can be used to debug SSL servers. To connect to an SSL HTTP server the command:
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would typically be used (https uses port 443). If the connection succeeds then an HTTP command can be given such as "GET /" to retrieve a web page.
If the handshake fails then there are several possible causes, if it is nothing obvious like no client certificate then the -bugs, -ssl2, -ssl3, -tls1, -no_ssl2, -no_ssl3, -no_tlsl can be tried in case it is a buggy server. In particular you should play with these options before submitting a bug report to an OpenSSL mailing list.
A frequent problem when attempting to get client certificates working is that a web client complains it has no certificates or gives an empty list to choose from. This is normally because the server is not sending the clients certificate authority in its "acceptable CA list" when it requests a certificate. By using s_client the CA list can be viewed and checked. However some servers only request client authentication after a specific URL is requested. To obtain the list in this case it is necessary to use the -prexit command and send an HTTP request for an appropriate page.
If a certificate is specified on the command line using the -cert option it will not be used unless the server specifically requests a client certificate. Therefor merely including a client certificate on the command line is no guarantee that the certificate works.
If there are problems verifying a server certificate then the -showcerts option can be used to show the whole chain.
Restrictions
Because this program has a lot of options and also because some of the techniques used are rather old, the C source of s_client is rather hard to read and not a model of how things should be done. A typical SSL client program would be much simpler.
The -verify option should really exit if the server verification fails.
The -prexit option is a bit of a hack. We should really report information whenever a session is renegotiated.