Order Number: BA554-90002
This manual describes the functions and macros in the HP C Run-Time Library for OpenVMS systems.
Revision/Update Information: This manual supersedes the HP C Run-Time Library Reference Manual for OpenVMS Systems, Order Number AA-RSMUC-TE, Version 8.2
Software Version: OpenVMS I64 8.3 OpenVMS Alpha 8.3
Hewlett-Packard Company Palo Alto, California
© Copyright 2006 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
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Portions of the HP C Run-Time Library have been implemented using source copyrighted by the University of California, Berkley and its contributors.
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| Contents | Index |
This manual describes the HP C Run-Time Library (RTL) for the OpenVMS operating system on VAX, Alpha, and Intel Itanium processors. HP OpenVMS Industry Standard 64 for Integrity Servers is the full product name of the OpenVMS operating system on Intel Itanium processors. The shortened forms, OpenVMS I64 and I64, are also used throughout this manual.
This manual provides reference information about the C RTL functions and macros that perform input/output (I/O) operations, character and string manipulation, mathematical operations, error detection, subprocess creation, system access, screen management, and emulation of selected UNIX features. It also notes portability concerns between operating systems, where applicable.
The HP C RTL contains XPG4-compliant internationalization support, providing functions to help you develop software that can run in different languages and cultures.
The complete HP C Run-Time Library (C RTL) needed for use with the HP C and C++ compilers is distributed with the OpenVMS Alpha and I64 operating systems in both shared image and object module library form.
This manual no longer documents the socket routines used for writing Internet application programs for the TCP/IP Services protocol. For help on the socket routines, use the following:
$ HELP TCPIP_Services Programming_Interfaces Sockets_API |
Also see the HP TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS product documentation.
This manual is intended for experienced and novice programmers who need reference information on the functions and macros found in the HP C RTL.
This manual has the following chapters, reference section, and appendixes:
The following documents may be useful when programming in HP C for OpenVMS Systems:
For more information about HP OpenVMS products and services, access the HP Web site at the following location:
HP welcomes your comments on this manual. Please send comments to either of the following addresses:
| Internet | openvmsdoc@hp.com |
| Postal Mail |
Hewlett-Packard Company
OSSG Documentation Group, ZKO3-4/U08 110 Spit Brook Rd. Nashua, NH 03062-2698 |
For information about how to order additional documentation, visit the following Web site address:
http://www.hp.com/go/openvms/doc/order
| Convention | Meaning |
|---|---|
| HP OpenVMS Industry Standard 64 for Integrity Servers, OpenVMS I64, I64 | The variant of the OpenVMS operating system that runs on the Intel Itanium architecture. |
| OpenVMS systems | Refers to the OpenVMS operating system on all supported platforms, unless otherwise specified. |
| [Return] | The symbol [Return] represents a single stroke of the Return key on a terminal. |
| Ctrl/X | The symbol Ctrl/X, where letter X represents a terminal control character, is generated by holding down the Ctrl key while pressing the key of the specified terminal character. |
|
switch
statement
int data type fprintf function <stdio.h> header file |
Monospace type identifies language keywords and the names of HP C functions and header files. Monospace type is also used when referring to a specific variable name used in an example. |
| arg1 | Italic type indicates a placeholder, such as an argument or parameter name, and the introduction of new terms. |
| $ RUN CPROG [Return] | Interactive examples show user input in boldface type. |
|
float x;
. . . x = 5; |
A vertical ellipsis indicates that not all of the text of a program or program output is illustrated. Only relevant material is shown in the example. |
| option,... | A horizontal ellipsis indicates that additional parameters, options, or values can be entered. A comma that precedes the ellipsis indicates that successive items must be separated by commas. |
| [output-source,...] | Square brackets, in function synopses and a few other contexts, indicate that a syntactic element is optional. Square brackets are not optional, however, when used to delimit a directory name in an OpenVMS file specification or when used to delimit the dimensions of a multidimensional array in HP C source code. |
|
sc-specifier ::=
auto static extern register |
In syntax definitions, items appearing on separate lines are mutually exclusive alternatives. |
| [a|b] | Brackets surrounding two or more items separated by a vertical bar (|) indicate a choice; you must choose one of the two syntactic elements. |
| <ucDelta symbol> | A delta symbol is used in some contexts to indicate a single ASCII space character. |
A platform is a combination of operating system and hardware that provides a distinct environment. This manual contains information applicable to the OpenVMS operating system running on VAX, Alpha, and Itanium processors.
The information in this manual applies to all of these processors, except when specifically labeled as follows:
| Label | Explanation |
|---|---|
| (ALPHA ONLY) | Specific to an Alpha processor. |
| (I64 ONLY) | Specific to an Intel Itanium processor running the OpenVMS operating system. On this platform, the product name of the operating system is OpenVMS Industry Standard 64 (or its abbreviated forms, OpenVMS I64 or I64). |
| (VAX ONLY) | Specific to a VAX processor. |
| (ALPHA, I64) | Specific to I64 and Alpha processors. |
The following sections describe the C Run-Time Library (RTL) enhancements included in OpenVMS Version 8.3. These enhancements provide improved UNIX portability, standards compliance, and the flexibility of additional user-controlled feature selections. New C RTL functions are also included.
OpenVMS Version 8.3 and higher provides Open Group-compliant symbolic-link support and POSIX-compliant pathname support. This support is intended to help partners and customers who port UNIX and LINUX applications to OpenVMS or who use a UNIX style development environment to reduce the application development costs and complexity previously associated with such porting efforts.
Although this support is present, it does not guarantee 100% compatibility of UNIX files on OpenVMS systems. There may be some cases where developers still need to make modifications to UNIX or LINUX applications when porting them to OpenVMS.
The following OpenVMS features are provided to support symbolic links and POSIX pathname processing:
symlink readlink unlink realpath lchown lstat |
For more information on symbolic links and POSIX pathname processing, see Chapter 12.
The C RTL supports byte-range file locking using the F_GETLK, F_SETLK, and F_SETLKW commands of the fcntl function, as defined in The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6. The OpenVMS lock manager is used to implement this feature. Byte-range file locking is allowed across clusters. You can only use offsets that fit into 32-bit unsigned integers. For more information, see the fcntl function in this manual.
In addition to the symbolic link functions listed in Symbolic Link and POSIX-Compliant Pathname Support, the following new functions based on The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6 have been added to the C RTL:
crypt setkey encrypt fchmod |
The C RTL ships header files for users to call TCP/IP. These headers have had numerous problems, making some of them unusuable for anything beyond trivial TCP/IP programming.
Previously, corrected headers have shipped with several releases of TCP/IP in their examples area. This enhancement to the C RTL now places those corrected headers in the C RTL header library (DECC$RTLDEF.TLB). For more information, see the C RTL section of the OpenVMS Version 8.3 Release Notes.
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